跟贾陆英老师学《论语》为政篇第五章 2013年12月24日 圣诞快乐！

/ R O' r; Y, A1 mmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网' u, J2 U |$ {5 q mso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ, ?2 s9 o3 C& e$ c$ O; x font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 0 z) t; T. r" ?0 D& b/ x& Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。$ Q5 ^7 Q! J7 C2 A8 I1 D8 W mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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7 k: V2 ]4 c' h6 C+ \0 J, f10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

( |' R }( w' y& kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; - X# ` P% Z' U3 S' R' Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：6 Z" m% _! C# o1 U7 J% l! P8 D+ P) hmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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: V: G; ]# `5 d7 {. D! J10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

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! S1 g. m+ @ B; ^ font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第8 g3 y1 u& p6 i5 Y# e: Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">5& j/ J) y) Z1 M& H S$ Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：8 v& P/ t/ C4 k" K$ F+ Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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* r7 \0 o0 ^. x9 G0 @. B* n, x* r8 w, c2•5 # C4 `% Q; l7 J9 W Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; , V4 e& q5 F- Y, nmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：) b0 I p/ L2 N mso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 x* `. g2 ]1 s; X6 m' t) r mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。$ x. T& c# { ?; U" E* Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">”! u4 E4 ~5 E" T. C |! b) h/ Vmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; , d' ]. N8 A8 ?4 x4 c# n: X$ zmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：: \' j+ o% H! |" ] mso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 u; _' ^5 E$ _1 S mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; # {, j# |6 |+ n: n: x: xmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。# L1 a2 a; X/ [1 j9 @- r color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”: v6 M* p& ^+ l/ z ]& J Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; / g1 x4 _ j7 _ t1 h8 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：5 H% K6 `6 D# R3 r- ~1 V% S/ s3 {mso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 o& C- i: _5 Z7 M5 D( ~/ @% ymso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; : Z' L. f _. ^; l4 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？/ A+ ^6 {4 f5 m- @ mso-font-kerning:0pt">”& }# Z- N+ l" ?$ s mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：4 N' s3 I' ` P2 |; \/ h2 L7 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 \; X& j7 T, Wmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。4 |- ?* e1 a5 `: H' L0 Zcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”

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' z* ^4 F1 z# i; n10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
- g. z4 V7 `% I. y7 V# R Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; ( {4 a1 H- j' y9 N0 B0 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。1 f0 K+ @9 M# k6 k% }/ Imso-font-kerning:0pt">

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: Q3 D7 m9 G0 y6 L$ i. |+ }: NTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：: ?; U! y& G$ e6 L4 z: x* o 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“& v- C& h0 ^0 F) x$ ~ mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。6 e7 Q' H3 l- V0 Y( t 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”& o2 x* X* v0 t4 Z3 s+ P mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：. s9 Y) n3 \7 x# Q+ i+ ? z0pt">"( B6 p4 J0 k0 d9 x0 @5 N; T0 Q mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 0 _" g' n6 T2 H( W* v6 RTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。2 O8 h. e7 U( D: d, j, J+ A" |" B mso-font-kerning:0pt">"0 m' U+ H" r4 } font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; + o4 G- _2 \% I! N: a cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：9 ?% J; x- W" `3 ^, I mso-font-kerning:0pt">", ?! Z) k/ m' s4 x font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; + W2 Y1 o y" F+ o1 c0 \6 tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢! ^3 c, u0 Y! k+ P* N% B: W. ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">?" 8 _$ o, d7 v/ s font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 2 ^& o" ?4 K" r- ]! a) c# T9 Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：2 L3 d7 O+ W/ s% r) B! X+ ] mso-font-kerning:0pt">": \) F+ G; F. ^. k/ k/ e. m/ C3 Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。5 X' O9 Y; Q; o9 h: Y- ], qmso-font-kerning:0pt">"

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2 n4 Z8 t+ w# L- W0 G$ N10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 9 w5 Q9 Q) g: B& x: H4 O- f$ qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是+ I) l% f# z& [9 L* `10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 W. w/ x/ Z) ~7 F& W font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违6 x3 P+ u+ k0 u: s10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”) X* }; j' B3 L/ _8 [" {' \ |" hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">？7 `6 @! M1 p6 w3 a, ?10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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# M% l& a* _; W' V9 V( ~10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
3 a1 C J! {* v- q) FTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; " N7 \4 y0 i$ x) Y& t7 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得. y2 T5 n0 p- j/ t; @ mso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 ?1 n, R& z6 |* B. L# t font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违/ p6 S+ i. w$ F% y5 x) W9 O+ f% }mso-font-kerning:0pt">”# ]3 s9 y8 e8 ?6 }9 X/ nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; . C3 @8 ~ a5 w# Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲: l u6 y. D4 @1 y6 p& @! E mso-font-kerning:0pt">“% ^& L. ?/ j1 K4 Q. r' p1 j font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 6 Z/ I! A z, T( H* ]) [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违" v3 @* ]) x3 k, v5 Q mso-font-kerning:0pt">”( d6 [, f6 X/ z! G! K" o5 J. Q0 d font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; : V+ a w2 o& H5 E! B% m4 amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，7 Z7 |, M+ a5 \7 n0 lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ k1 ], L) f1 k2 v o# x0 sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。0 y& f( I5 J2 D: D& g: X mso-font-kerning:0pt">”" x. Q- P: F* @. `2 C font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。8 S& Z4 o) [& a ^6 N4 K5 O: Z# Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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5 P* p8 n9 _' t. {2 l 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
; ~5 @& W! z: ?; M6 e) I" E5 X/ x4 W1 g9 t0 Q; y V O 10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; $ z3 l9 H J. w: C9 Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？; ]$ `1 c* i2 j" Z 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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w/ p7 r$ v4 f# I- l! Q10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
" G8 Q8 e l6 w8 p% k% s; R$ N3 O4 @/ N5 O! ~Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。7 O9 t$ t8 z. P. lmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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7 W+ e' l1 i1 d* a" @0 amso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义- g. ]* w6 U2 u( L2 g i* Amso-font-kerning:0pt">
8 u" C6 n/ \3 F# }* k$ @+ r5 v7 n6 K+ a Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">更准确些！* }2 ]) r' O4 b( {2 d' R10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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7 L6 n4 N3 O# I2 r+ m0 b mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！$ t- ~7 s3 h. F* [! R mso-font-kerning:0pt">——: u) e3 ]% I8 }- S# C, u font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; - r( `$ y8 y3 a. Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。) o. w$ D; m8 w) y+ w mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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/ H ^1 o( i; y' l" G$ Z mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述0 l7 \- ~% ~4 x8 B. C( ~' C7 x mso-font-kerning:0pt">29 g2 O6 t3 M; C7 Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊0 K& @0 x0 f9 U) P% T: s+ i* {mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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孝经

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% o* f, l* u. Q7 n. hmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: ; k. H: h! _) ?1 F% B f1 j( N& oTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：8 S5 x: L3 U- T3 L, d 0pt">

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6 M7 _5 V# B( @* V. ? mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。- m' ]$ z% | e# Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">——2 f p; E2 q9 @4 }+ ^: L font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; " Y5 m: G; a% K2 \8 Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。; K( p, ?- w6 w+ C1 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">——! R: P, _0 k7 z" z6 Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：% n6 F$ _% \: v- `4 u4 umso-font-kerning:0pt">“* E$ _( B( T4 k! M( Q b! ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; J6 x8 B& r u$ Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。! \/ r! H/ H/ j, w. {( f mso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 p x+ n X4 c6 `' e$ afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; M) Z5 R, I( E6 X5 O0 umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个& u& u* {9 A+ ]9 n9 j mso-font-kerning:0pt">“- n& h k- q- h7 O0 R- ~ font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; , Y: s/ a$ Q& R+ ^% ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬* N; b# w7 c/ c4 T1 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ z* q5 G7 T* I* C& t1 F) J7 s! V0 V9 y font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; . v! D& V+ S) S6 Q) n; rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为" d6 c# P. @" ^ M% Amso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 C% \9 v/ @- v font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; H8 |2 e7 F. t! ]7 e! Y/ r) umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道) x* ?, ^& A) M( e4 v mso-font-kerning:0pt">”% S: w( Z4 S s font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。1 ~6 O* u- G! L) B' A ]$ F$ K) ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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0 @* ^! t6 K- ]7 P mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">舍得：5 I2 }3 Y* _3 d4 _. B, Q 0pt">

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: j1 q) b7 T- j. ~* O4 m mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 7 n; O u r. a" R$ @0 w4 DTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的7 k X/ p1 I7 p! z1 x/ Y7 B0 W mso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ [, `1 c+ R+ [' Y l5 Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺% J0 U/ Z: p9 K1 B& Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 f% M( h$ x# \ font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ' ?8 I5 c! ^1 jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思* t+ ?; M1 c( Z7 c& fmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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现在用法律手段规定子女要常回家看看，但是由于时间、金钱等各方面的原因，又有多少人是想回而不能回的呢，这个道德层面的问题上升到法律层面到底有什么意义，始终不大明白

贾老师讲得不错，大家发言很踊跃，尤其那个“小风飕飕地”发言很积极，很好！大家要向他学习！{:soso_e128:}

学习、领会、顿悟、提高，贾老师讲的精彩，大家都很出彩。老秘网我们的共同的平台!

贾老师在研究古人和古汉语方面有研究，佩服

我这里显示也是一堆乱码，怎么回事

好好学习，天天向上{:soso_e195:}

' n! S( W- H; `& k" u* v贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

我这里显示的是一堆乱码！！

不错，学习了，佩服佩服