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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 3 V! X9 Y" n' G8 kmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第" }+ L) t; U! Y) k( R
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; @$ _" \3 {6 v; L9 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。& F# w9 B- i6 V- j) o8 O: N$ D' e
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! j' h% i/ ]/ E2 g& ^1 cTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。3 V1 d% }. ?7 O1 G ^
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。) q4 ?4 _1 }2 M# z. @2 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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( Q( z, Q8 e! u, i! Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？+ C& d' l& | ^: `" v6 ^" p& Z
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。" d( L# N( a6 I0 l$ h; Y" O
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服7 O% c4 c6 S0 @ }7 B1 S
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! H: V: D: U" a1 J4 ]' F# p" pTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢0 T- ?, ]& s- d4 ]1 E G& l) s1 L
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& Y ]+ g/ w' b2 N. L7 R4 y4 T4 gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的6 ?4 D3 A; W4 P8 `" rmso-font-kerning:0pt">"* I: b" A& T6 U
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0 _, i7 M" E5 z, x$ ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学# E+ Y, y/ u) q7 B( lmso-font-kerning:0pt"> % V: w4 m. m ?/ S- B# I1 _3 U
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. c8 h9 i: }% `: Z2 k& O7 R$ h# vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说8 m5 i5 i: [' q- M# b4 K5 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">": C* m2 H" E. i7 c
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& \ U% S: h9 S) W S# O' Q cTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚0 f. d# T7 t2 o2 ]) W6 {. E
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9 ~/ v% w4 q: u9 s9 ~Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！- Q% I( B6 ^$ m3 J1 _6 l
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假 \8 F* L5 \+ I5 K- e
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: b+ T+ a* S2 h. q& VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是% x9 D3 o* T/ O [: d2 v- v& ?, s4 x; |mso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 [; e2 U& w* k6 tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ X8 U# ?/ R0 s1 Y6 y9 e
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2 f5 J) g2 H* ^$ b5 qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。' k: a2 O9 h, j! `2 X7 U! e
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# \! S7 m& S: R- S! k" `4 kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴9 p e( r6 g7 s5 |+ j" r) {* Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”! ?5 h1 b+ Z3 ~
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